2013年职称英语考试真题

职称英语历年真题《综合A》阅读理解

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职称英语历年真题《综合A》阅读理解

　　 The Sandwich Generation 　　Today people often look forward to their middle age as a time when they will be able to take things easier. After their children are grown, they expect to enjoy the life they have worked hard to create. However the reality is often very different. In middle age, many people discover that they have two ongoing responsibilities: one is to look after their aging parents, and the other is to help their young adult children deal with the pressures of life. Around the world, there are millions of people who are "sandwiched" in between the older and the younger generations. Sometimes there may be two or three generations living in the same household -- a situation that is common in many Asian countries and in some parts of Europe. In other cases, a couple may be taking care of parents and children, but they do not live with them. 　　There are two important reasons for the rise of the sandwich generation. First, people are living longer than they used to. In the early nineteenth century, the average life expectancy for adults in the United States, for example, was about 40, whereas today people live to an average age of 75. Therefore, children are taking care of their parents over a longer period of time. The second reason is that these days, young adults often live with their parents for a longer time than they did in the past. This is often for financial reasons. It's also more common for today's young adults to return home during or after college if they need financial 　　or emotional support. 　　People who take care of elderly parents often face difficult issues. They may have to cover expenses that their parents cannot. They may have to manage their parents, financial and legal affairs. They may have to prepare for their parents, future needs, such as special medical care or a move to a nursing home. This can be a traumatic experience for everyone. 　　Caring for adult children presents challenges as well, and caregivers have to resolve important questions: How can financial responsibilities be shared among members of the household? How can household chores be shared? What is the best way to ensure everyone's privacy? Successfully coping with these issues can avoid a lot of stress for the whole family. 　　The financial and emotional pressures on the sandwich generation can be overwhelming. 　　However, this time in life also has its rewards. It can be a time to rediscover the special qualities of one's parents or children. It can also provide a valuable opportunity to spend more time with them. 　　However, in order to survive this difficult period in their lives, the members of the sandwich generation must remember that they also need to pay attention to their own needs and look after the quality of their own lives. They can't be totally selfless. 　　41. According to the first paragraph, many people in middle age 　　A. can't enjoy their life as they have expected. 　　B. are able to take things easier when their children are grown. 　　C. can't enjoy their life because they haven't worked hard enough. 　　D. are facing great pressure from their work. 　　42. Which is true about the sandwich generation? 　　A. Their parents are unable to take care of themselves. 　　B. Their parents are often facing the pressures of life. 　　C. They all have to live with their parents and children. 　　D. They are torn between the responsibilities for their parents and children. 　　43. Why do some young adults choose to live with their parents these days? 　　A. They are too young to be independent from their parents. 　　B. They want to help their parents to take care of their aging grandparents. 　　C. They need support from their parents to deal with their financial problems. 　　D. They are more emotional than the young adults in the past. 　　44. The sandwich generation face the following challenges EXCEPT 　　A. sharing household chores. 　　B. determining who is the caregiver of the family. 　　C. ensuring everyone's privacy. 　　D. shouldering the financial responsibilities of the household. 　　45. To survive the difficult period in their lives, the sandwich generation need to_________. 　　A. be totally selfless. 　　B. rediscover the merits of their children. 　　C. value the time spent with their parents. 　　D. consider their own well-being. 　　 答案与解析 　　41.A。细节题。题干：根据文章的意思，很多中年人。根据第一段第二、三句可知，当孩子长大后，中年人期望能享受努力工作创造的生活，然而，现实却不是这样。由此可知，很多中年人不能如愿地享受生活。故本题选A(无法过上他们期望的生活)。 　　42.D。细节判断题。题干：关于三明治一代，下列哪个描述是正确的?根据第一段第四句可知，很多中年人发现他们正肩负着两种责任：一个是照顾日益年长的父母，另一个是帮助年轻的孩子处理生活的压力。第一段第五句接着说，全世界有数百万的中年人像三明治一样夹在上一代和下一代中间。因此选项D(他们常常在赡养老人和抚养孩子的责任中左右为难)。 　　43.C。细节题。题干：为什么现在很多年轻人选择和父母住在一起?根据第二段最后三句可知，如今一些年轻人之所以会更久地跟父母住在一起，是因为他们需要父母的经济或情感支持。故本题答案为C(他们需要父母的'支持来应对财务问题)。 　　44.B。细节判断题。题干：三明治一代面临着下列挑战，除了__________。根据第四段中的“caregivers have to resolve important questions：How can financial responsibilities be shared among members of the household?How can household chores be shared?What is the best way to ensure everyone’s privacy?”可知，只有B不是三明治一代要考虑的问题，所以该题答案为B(决定谁来赡养家庭)。 　　45.D。推断题。题干：想度过人生中这一艰难时段，三明治一代需要__________。最后一段最后两句中的“…they also need to pay attention to their own needs and look after the quality of thie own lives.They can’t be totally selfless.”表明，三明治一代也需要考虑自己的需求和自身的生活质量，不能完全忘我。由此可知，要度过这个人生的艰难时段，三明治一代需要考虑自身的幸福，所以该题答案为D(考虑自身的幸福)。

职称英语《综合A》阅读理解试题及答案(2)

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职称英语《综合A》阅读理解试题及答案(2)

　　text three 　　Is There a Way to Keep the Britain's Economy Growing? 　　In today's knowledge economy, nations survive on the things they do best. Japanese design electronics while Germans export engineering techniques. The French serve the best food and Americans make computers. 　　Britain specializes in the gift of talking. The nation doesn't manufacture much of anything. But it has lawyers, stylists and business consultants who earn their living from talk, talk and more talk. 　　The World Foundation think tank says the UK's four iconic jobs today are not scientists, engineers,teachers and nurses. Instead, they're hairdressers, celebrities, management consultants and managers. 　　But can all this talking keep the British economy going? The British government thinks it can. 　　Although the country's trade deficit was more than —— 60 billion in 2006, UK's largest in the postwar period, officials say the country has nothing to worry about. In fact, Britain does have a world-class pharmaceutical industry, and it still makes a small sum from selling arms abroad. It also trades services accountancy, insurance, banking and advertising. The government believes Britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy. After all, the country of Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a literary tradition of which to be proud. Rockn' roll is an English language medium, and there are billions to be made by their cutting-edge bands. In other words, the creative economy has plenty of strength to carry the British economy. 　　However, creative industries account for only about 4 percent of UK's exports of goods and services. The industries are finding it hard to make a profit, according to a report of the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts. The report shows only 38 percent of British companies were engaged in "innovation activities", 3 percentage points below the EU average and well below Germany (61 percent) and Sweden (47 percent). 　　In fact, it might be better to call Britain a "servant" economy -- there are at least 4 million people "in service". The majority of the population are employed by the rich to cook,clean, and take care of their children. Many graduates are even doing menial jobs for which they do not need a degree. Most employment growth has been, and will continue to be, at the low-skill end of the service sector -- in shops, bars, hotels, domestic service and in nursing and care homes. 　　36. According to the World Foundation think tank, one of the iconic jobs in Britain today is 　　A. law makers. 　　B. business consultants. 　　C. home servants. 　　D. school teachers. 　　37. The phrase "the cutting edge" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to 　　A. the most popular. 　　B. the most political. 　　C. the most advanced. 　　D. the proudest. 　　38. The officials are not worried about the trade deficit in 2006, because they believe 　　A. Britain is home to the largest pharmaceutical industry in the world. 　　B. the literary tradition of Britain will help make billions of pounds. 　　C. Britain is one cutting edge of the knowledge economy. 　　D. the world economy is strong enough to carry the Britain economy. 　　39. Which of the following is true about the creative industries in Britain? 　　A. They contribute a lot to the country's trade deficit. 　　B. They are not doing as well as those in other European nations. ' 　　C. They can't make a profit out of their innovation activities. 　　D. They make Britain on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy. 　　40. It can be inferred from the passage that 　　A. the gift of talking can keep the British economy growing. 　　B. the British government is over-confident in its economy. 　　C. the British economy is the least innovative one in the EU. 　　D. being a servant to the rich is one of the best jobs in Britain. 　　text four 　　What's Killing the Bats 　　First it was bees. Now it is bats. Biologists in America are working hard to discover the cause of the mysterious deaths of tens of thousands of bats in the northeastern part of the country. Most of the bats affected are the common little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus), but other species, such as the long-eared bat, the small-footed hat, the eastern pipistrelle, and the Indiana bat have also been affected. In some cases, more than 90 percent of the bat populations have died. 　　One possibility is disease. A white fungus (真菌) known as fusarium has been found on the noses of both living and dead bats. However, scientists don't know if the fungus is the primary cause of death, a secondary cause of death, or not a cause at all, but the result of some other conditions. 　　Another possible cause is a lack of food. For example, bats typically eat a large number of moths (蛾), and in some states such as New York, the number of moths has been declining in recent years. If bats can't eat enough food, they starve to death. 　　Still other scientists believe that global warming is to blame. Warmer temperatures in recent years have been waking up hibernating (冬眠) bats earlier than usual. If bats break their hibernation at the wrong time, they might not find their expected food sources. The weather might also turn cold again and weaken or kill the bats. 　　Scientists might not agree on the causes of the bat die-off, but they do agree on the consequences. 　　Bats are an important predator of mosquitoes; a single brown bat can eat 1,000 or more insects in an hour. They also eat beetles and other insects that damage plant crops. If there aren't enough bats, damage will be great from the insects theyeat. While bats live a long time for their size -- the little brown bat can live for more than 30 years- a female bat has only one baby per year, so bat populations grow slowly. Many bat species in the United States are already protected or endangered. 　　How can you help? Do not disturb sleeping or nesting bats. If you discover bate that seem to be sick or that are dead, contact your local Fish & Wildlife Department with the details. However, be careful not to touch the animals. 　　31. What is the main idea of this passage? 　　A. All species of bats in North America are dying. 　　B. Scientists already know the cause of the deaths of bats. 　　C. The bat deaths are a serious problem. 　　D. There are many possible causes of the deaths of bats. 　　32. What does the first sentence in Paragraph 1 mean? 　　A. Bees have been dying mysteriously. 　　B. The first article on the website is about bees. 　　C. Bees usually die before bats. 　　D. It was bees that caused the deaths of bats. 　　33. The word "pipistrelle" in Paragraph 1 refers to 　　A. a kind of fungus. 　　B. an area in the U.S. 　　C. a special cave. 　　D. a kind of bat. 　　34. The "moths" in Paragraph 3 are taken as an example of 　　A. diseases that kill bats. 　　B. Insects that bats eat. 　　C. animals that have diseases. 　　D. bat species that are starving to death. 　　35. What is the purpose of the last paragraph? 　　A. To get people to stop killing bats. 　　B. To hire workers for the Fish & Wildlife Department. 　　C. To ask people not to touch dead bats. 　　D. To tell the public how to help bats.

职称英语考题哪些题会是书上内容的？

提示：

职称英语考题哪些题会是书上内容的？

共六个部分（题型）


第l部分：词汇选项(第l～15题，每题l分，共15分)


考查应试者理解在一定语境中单词或短语意义的能力。本部分为l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，


要求应试者从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择l个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。



第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题l分，共7分)


考查应试者识别和判断文章所提供的信息的能力。本部分为l篇300～450词的短文，短文后列出7个句子，有的句子提供的是正确信息，


有的句子提供的是错误信息，有的句子的信息在短文中并未直接或间接提及。要求应试者根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。



第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题l分，共8分)


考查应试者把握文章段落大意及细节的能力。本部分为l篇300
450词的短文，有2项测试任务：(1)短文后有6个段落小标题，


要求应试者根据文章的内容为其中指定的4个段落各选择一个正确的小标题；(2)短文后有4个不完整的句子，


要求应试者在所提供的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子。



考查应试者对文章主旨和细节信息的理解能力。本部分为3篇文章，每篇300～450词，每篇文章后有5道题。要求应试者根据文章的内容，


从每题所给的4个选项中选择l个最佳答案。



第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)


考查应试者把握文章结构、掌握作者思路的能力。本部分为1篇300～450词的短文，文中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，


其中5组取自文章本身。要求应试者根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其放回相应位置，以恢复文章原貌。



第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题l分，共15分)


考查应试者正确把握文章内容，以及在一定语境中准确使用词语的能力。本部分


为1篇300～450词的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，要求应试者根据


短文的内容从4个选项中选择l个最佳答案。
我这有
模拟真实考试环境的软件，各年题库。

职称英语考题哪些题会是书上内容的？

提示：

职称英语考题哪些题会是书上内容的？

共六个部分（题型）
第l部分：词汇选项(第l～15题，每题l分，共15分)
考查应试者理解在一定语境中单词或短语意义的能力。本部分为l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，
要求应试者从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择l个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题l分，共7分)
考查应试者识别和判断文章所提供的信息的能力。本部分为l篇300～450词的短文，短文后列出7个句子，有的句子提供的是正确信息，
有的句子提供的是错误信息，有的句子的信息在短文中并未直接或间接提及。要求应试者根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题l分，共8分)
考查应试者把握文章段落大意及细节的能力。本部分为l篇300 450词的短文，有2项测试任务：(1)短文后有6个段落小标题，
要求应试者根据文章的内容为其中指定的4个段落各选择一个正确的小标题；(2)短文后有4个不完整的句子，
要求应试者在所提供的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子。

考查应试者对文章主旨和细节信息的理解能力。本部分为3篇文章，每篇300～450词，每篇文章后有5道题。要求应试者根据文章的内容，
从每题所给的4个选项中选择l个最佳答案。

第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
考查应试者把握文章结构、掌握作者思路的能力。本部分为1篇300～450词的短文，文中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，
其中5组取自文章本身。要求应试者根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其放回相应位置，以恢复文章原貌。

第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题l分，共15分)
考查应试者正确把握文章内容，以及在一定语境中准确使用词语的能力。本部分
为1篇300～450词的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，要求应试者根据
短文的内容从4个选项中选择l个最佳答案。


我这有 模拟真实考试环境的软件，各年题库。

职称英语理工类阅读判断题

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职称英语理工类阅读判断题

　　Bill Gates: Unleashing YourCreativity 　　I’ve always been an optimist and I suppose it isrooted in1 my belief that the power of creativity and intelligencecan make the world a better place. 　　For as long as I can remember, I’ve loved learningnew things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the firsttime in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a clunky old teletype machine andit could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today.2But it changed my life. 　　When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft30 years ago，we had avision of “a computer on every desk and in every home”, which probably soundeda little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size ofrefrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the world.And they have. 　　And after 30 years, I’m still as inspired bycomputers as I was back in seventh grade. 　　I believe that computers are the most incredibletool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness — to help us solve problemsthat even the smartest people couldn’t solve on their own. 　　Computers have transformed how we learn，giving kids everywhere a windowinto all of the world’s knowledge. They’re helping us build communities aroundthe things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important tous, no matter where they are.3 　　Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularlylucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it “tap-dancing towork”4. My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but whatmakes me “tap-dancing to work” is when we show people something new, like acomputer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that canstore a lifetime’s worth of photos, and they say, “I didn’t know you could dothat with a PC5! ” 　　But for all the cool things that a person can dowith a PC，there arelots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work toimprove our world6. There are still far too many people in the worldwhose most basic needs go unmet7. Every year, for example, millionsof people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developedworld. 　　I believe that my own good fortune brings with ita responsibility to give back to the world. My wife, Melinda, and I havecommitted to8 improving health and education in a way that can helpas many people as possible. 　　As a father, I believe that the death of a childin Africa is no less poignant or tragic than9 the death of a childanywhere else, and that it doesn’t take much to make an immense difference inthese children’s lives10. 　　I’m still very much an optimist, and I believethat progress on even the world’s toughest problems is possible — and it’shappening every day. We’re seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostictools，and newattention paid to the health problems in the developing world. 　　I’m excited by the possibilities I see formedicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I believe thatthrough our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve toughproblems, we're going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas inmy lifetime. 　　 词汇： 　　unleash/ ʌnˈli:ʃ / vt.解开;放纵;使自由 　　inspire/ ɪnˈspaɪə(r) / vt.鼓舞 　　optimist/'Dptɪmɪst/ n.乐观主义者 　　incredible/ ɪn'kredəbl/ adj.难以置信的 　　clunky(clonky) /'klʌnkɪ/ adj.发出沉闷金属声的 　　curiosity/ˌkjuərɪ'Dsɪtɪ/ n.好奇心 　　inventivenessn.发明创造的能力 　　teletype/'telɪtaɪp/ (teletype-writer) n.电传打字机 　　poignant/ ˈpɔɪnjənt / adj.令人悲痛的，可怜的 　　tragic/'traed3ɪk/ adj.悲剧的，悲惨的 　　vision/'vɪ3n/ n.想象;幻想;美景 　　immense/I'mens/ adj.巨大的 　 　注释： 　　1.be rooted in：扎根于;深深地存在于 　　2.It was a clunky oldteletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers wehave today.那是一台笨重的旧式电传打字机，跟我们今天的电脑相比几乎干不了什么事。本句中，barely意为almost not;compare to在美国英语中也可以等同于compare with(与……相比)。 　　3.They’re helping us buildcommunities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people whoare important to us, no matter where they are.电脑帮助我们就我们所关心的事情建立一个交流的场所，并且与那些我们认为对我们有重要意义的人密切相处，不管他们身在何处。care about指不管喜欢或不喜欢的事情都很关心、介意、在乎、计较。 　　4.“tap-dancing to work”：“跳着踢踏舞工作”。tap原意是“叩击、轻敲”;tap dance是“踢踏舞”。这里实际意思是“(手指)轻轻敲击键盘的工作”。 　　5.PC (personal computer)：个人计算机 　　6.But for all the cool things that aperson can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creativityand intelligence to work to improve our world.除了我们能用计算机做的所有神奇的事情，还有很多其他方式发挥我们的创造力和智慧，从而使世界更加美好。 　　7.go unmet：得不到满足。在这里go是系动词，unmet是过去分词作表语。 　　8.commit to此处意为承诺，保证做某事。 　　9.no less... than：和 一样，不亚于…… 　　10. and that itdoesn’t take much to make an immense difference in these children’s lives.而且要改善这些孩子们的命运，其实不难。此处it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to make an immensedifference in these children’s lives。 　 　练习： 　　1.A computer was as big as an icebox when Bill Gates was a high schoolstudent. 　　A　Right　B　Wrong　C　Not mentioned 　　2.Bill Gates has been dreaming of the popularity of computers for hislifetime. 　　A　Right　B　Wrong　C　Not mentioned 　　3.Bill Gates compares his hard work on a PC to “tap-dancing to work”. 　　A　Right　B　Wrong　C　Not mentioned 　　4.To Bill Gates’ mind, there is a big difference between the death ofthe poor’s children and the death of the rich’s children. 　　A　Right　B　Wrong　C　Not mentioned 　　5.So far Bill Gates has contributed several dozen billion dollars tothe charities. 　　A　Right　B　Wrong　C　Not mentioned 　　6.Bill Gates and his wife consider it their duty to help the poorbetter their health and education as much as possible. 　　A　Right　B　Wrong　C　Not mentioned 　　7.Bill Gates will leave only a small portion of his wealth for hischildren. 　　A　Right　B　Wrong　C　Not mentioned 　 　答案与题解： 　　1.A　文章第三段中比尔•盖茨说，当他念七年级时，电脑就是冰箱那么大小。 　　2.A　文章第三段比尔•盖茨说，他30年前与Paul Allen一起创办微软公司时就梦想一桌一机、一户一机，而且从其他各段也可以看到他对电脑有很多的`期待。 　　3.B　从第七段第二句可以看到作这样比较的是他的朋友Warren Buffett，而不是他自己。 　　4.B　在倒数第三段，比尔•盖茨已经明确说，所有这些儿童的死亡都一样令人伤心和悲痛，没有什么区别。 　　5.C　文章没有提到他给慈善机构捐款的事。 　　6.A　倒数第四段比尔•盖茨认为他一生好运，就理应回报社会，所以他和他的妻子做出了承诺，要帮助尽可能多的人改善医疗和教育条件。 　　7.C　文章没有提到。

职称英语理工类阅读判断专项试题及答案(2)

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职称英语理工类阅读判断专项试题及答案(2)

　　练习： 　　1.The country says that the investment of US $14 million is big enough for developing that country’s chip industry. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　2.That country gives top priorities to developing chips for military purposes. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　3.Although the licensing fees are not very high, that Far Eastern country cannot afford to pay. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　4.Many western countries ban the exporting of the most advanced chip-making technologies to that country to prevent them from being used for military purposes. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　5.Currently, almost all the flagship chipmakers in that country are owned by American investors. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　6.Mainstream chip production technology develop rapidly. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　7.More than 10 chip plants being built in that country are an example of self-reliance. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　答案与题解： 　　1.B　本题给出的信息是错误的。最后一段说到，如果新建的芯片中心能在改善该国在芯片行业的被动形势中起重要作用，该国认为：“... the US $14 million investment is still rather small”。 　　2.C　文章没有提供这方面的信息。 　　3.B　文章提到专利费较高，此句说较低，与原意不符。 　　4.A　本题给出的信息是正确的。第二段有这样一句话：Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don’t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes.这就是选A的依据。 　　5.C　文章没有提供这方面的信息。 　　6.A　选A的依据是第三段第一句：... mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years ... 　　7.B　本题给出的信息是错误的。第四段第二句说明，这些芯片工厂的技术主要是从日本和新加坡进口的。 　　译文：微芯片研究中心成立 　　为了开发先进的微芯片生产技术，这个远东国家建立了一个研究中心，该中心启动资金为一千四百万美元，可以帮助该国开发自己的芯片工业，不必总是依赖于进口技术。 　　该中心将会应用自己的研究技术和设施，为本国芯片厂家开发新技术。这个国家名列首位的芯片制造公司说，芯片中心的成立可能使这个国家摆脱从他国购买即将淘汰的.技术的困境。由于许多外国政府担心先进技术会被用于军事目的，不允许这个国家的芯片生产厂家进口前沿技术，所以这些生产厂家处于一种被动局面。另外，由于这些芯片生产厂家必须向技术提供者支付高额的许可费，这也构成了他们决定要自力更生的一个重要原因。 　　由于主流芯片生产技术每隔 3～5年就要进行更新换代，所以掌握了新技术的厂家就可以以较低的成本制造出较好的芯片，而那些耗费数十亿美元建立起的厂家，如果设备落后，也将会被生产商所淘汰。 　　几个芯片厂正在建立之中，每个厂的造价都在几百万美元，其中大部分资金都流向了海外设备商和技术所有者——主要是日本和新加坡。 　　如果新建的芯片中心能在改变该国芯片行业的被动形势中起到重要作用，该国承认，一千四百万美元的投资仍是微不足道的。该国正在开发综合技术，大部分投资将用于与技术和知识产权所有者建立联盟。 　　Text three 　　The Biology of Music 　　Humans use music as a powerful way to communicate. It may also play an important role in love. But what is music, and how does it work its magic? Science does not yet have all the answers. 　　What are two things that make humans different from animals? One is language, and the other is music. It is true that some animals can sing (and many birds sing better than a lot of people). However, the songs of animals, such as birds and whales, are very limited. It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments. 1 　　Music is strange stuff. It is clearly different from language. However, people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions. When music is combined with speech in a song, it is a very powerful form of communication. But, biologically speaking, what is music? 　　If music is truly different from speech, then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain. The scientific evidence suggests that this is true. 　　Sometimes people who suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language. However, they don’t automatically lose their musical abilities. For example, Vissarion Shebalin, a Russian composer，had a stroke in 1953. It injured the left side of his brain. He could no longer speak or understand speech. He could, however, still compose music until his death ten years later. On the other hand，sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability, but they can still speak and understand speech. This shows that the brain processes music and language separately. 　　By studying the physical effects of music on the body，scientists have also learned a lot about how music influences the emotions. But why does music have such a strong effect on us? That is a harder question to answer. Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College, London, thinks that music and love have a strong connection. Music requires special talent, practice, and physical ability. That’s why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone’s mate. For example, singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control. You also need a good memory to remember the notes. And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition. Finally, when a man sings to the woman he loves (or vice versa)， it may be a way of showing off. 　　However, Miller’s theory still doesn’t explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply. For scientists，this is clearly an area that needs further research. 　　词汇： 　　automatically .自动地 　　note 音符 　　stroke 中风 　　注释： 　　1.It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments：人研制出了乐器，而动物则不能。Develop：研制，例如：Scientists are developing new drugs to treat cancer.科学家们正在研发新药用以治疗癌症。 　　练习： 　　1.Humans, but not animals, can sing. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　2.People can use music to communicate their emotions. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　3.We use the same part of the brain for music and language. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　4.Geoffery Miler has done research on music and emotions. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　5.It’s hard for humans to compose music. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　6.Memory is not an important part in singing in tune. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　7.Scientists does not know all the answers about the effects of music on humans. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　答案与题解： 　　1.B　第二段的第三句：It is true that some animals can sing (and many birds sing better than a lot of people).可以看出有些动物会唱歌，而不只人类会唱歌。 　　2.A　第三段的第三句：However, people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions.这句清楚表明，人们可以用音乐来表达情感。 　　3.B　第四段说明：科学证明人们用大脑的不同区域处理语言和音乐。在第五段，作者用Vissarion Shebalin的例子进一步说明人脑处理语言和音乐的位置不同，Shebalin中风以后不能讲话也听不懂别人的话，但他却能创作乐曲。 　　4.A　第六段的第四句：Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College，London，thinks that music and love have a strong connection.这句说明Miller对音乐和爱(情感)的关系进行了研究，他得出的结论是：音乐和爱有密切的关联。 　　5.C　文中没有提及创作乐曲是否困难。 　　6.B　第六段有一句：You also need a good memory to remember the notes.此句说明必须具备好的记忆力记音符才能唱得符合调子。 　　7.A　最后一段讲的是：科学家们需要做更多的研究才能解释为什么有些声音影响我们的情感会如此之深。也就是说，科学家不能全部解释音乐对人类的影响。 　　译文：音乐生物学 　　人们把音乐作为一种高效的交流方式，在爱情中它也可能会起到重要的作用。但是音乐是什么?它又是如何起到神奇的效果?科学界还没有给出答案。 　　哪两项事物使得人类不同于动物?一个是语言，另一个是音乐。当然一些动物会唱歌 (并且许多鸟唱得比很多人都好听) ，但是，动物的歌声是有限的，比如鸟类和鲸鱼。同样，是人类而不是动物开发出了乐器。 　　音乐是个奇怪的东西，它与语言有明显的不同。但是，人们能够用音乐去传达——尤其是情感。当音乐与歌曲中的语言结合在一起的时候，它就是一种强有力的表达方式。但是，从生物学来讲，音乐是什么? 　　如果音乐与语言真的不同，那么我们应该在大脑的不同区域内对音乐和语言进行加工处理，科学证据也证实了这一点。 　　有时，受过脑损伤的人会丧失他们处理语言的能力。但是，他们不会自动地丢失音乐才能。比如，维沙翁·舍巴林，一位苏联作曲家，在1953 年得了中风。他的大脑的左半边受到损害，他再也不能说话或是理解别人的话，但是他仍然能够谱曲，直到十年后他离开人世。另一方面，中风有时会使人们丧失音乐能力，但是他们仍然能够说话也能听懂别人的话。这就说明大脑是分别加了处理音乐和语言的。 　　通过研究音乐在人身体上的物理效应，科学家也了解到许多关于音乐是如何影响情感的。但是，为什么音乐对我们有如此强烈的影响?这是一个更难回答的问题。伦敦大学学院的研究员杰弗里·米勒认为音乐和爱有紧密的关，音乐需要特殊才能、练习和体能。这也许是一种方式让你展示你适合做某人的伴侣。比如，按调唱歌或者弹奏乐器需要有很好的肌肉控制力。你也需要有好的记忆力来记住音符。能正确地演奏或者唱出这些音符也证明你的听力也非常好。所以，当一个男人唱给他心爱的女人时(反之亦然) 音乐就可能成为一种展示的方式。 　　然而，米勒的理论仍然不能解释为什么声音的特定结合可以深深地影响我们的情感。对于科学家来说，这显然是一个需要深入研究的领域。