2015职称英语真题

理工类职称英语B级模拟题(概括大意)

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理工类职称英语B级模拟题(概括大意)

　　第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23"-'30题，每题l分，共8分) 　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务： (1)第23——26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择l个小标题; (2)第27——30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 　　 　　Ward off Travel Bugs 　　(1) As the holiday season approaches, so does the prospect of jet lag, an upset stomach or sunburn. 　　With care and some help fi'om natural sources, however, it is quite possible to avoid these problems. 　　(2) You can start to prepare a couple of weeks before you leave. Food poisoning will make any holiday miserable, but by taking some medicine such as lactobacillus and bifidobacteria, you can reduce the likelihood of poisoning caused by food or water tainted (感染，污染) with unfamiliar bacteria. 　　(3) By improving the bacteria balance in your digestive tract, you crowd out the pathogenic (病原的)bacteria and stop them gaining a foothold. The beneficial bacteria also produce gentle but effective natural antibiotics (抗生素) in yourgut. 　　(4) In many holiday locations you need to remember the basics: drink bottled water, avoid undercooked meat and ensure that food hygiene (卫生) is adequate. If you get food poisoning,drink plenty of water to stay hydrated(保持水分)and see a doctor. However, if you detect diarrhea(腹泻) early enough, you might like to try taking about 10 or 15 pancreatic digestive enzymes, which can digest the multiplying bacteria before they take over. 　　(5) Taking a teaspoon of silicol gel can also help. This lines the stomach and upper intestinal area and binds with bacteria and viruses, allowing them to be safely passed out of the gut. When you pack,include grapefit-it-seed extract, which is an excellent all-round anti-bacterial, anti- parasitic,anti-viral (抗毒的) and anti-fungal (杀菌的) agent. 　　(6) Your flight can also be made more pleasant. Peppermint oil and ginger capsules (胶囊) ward off motion sickness, but a more delicious option is to eat crystallized ginger. If you tend to get ear-ache on take-off and landing, you can use special ear plugs with filler that slows down the rate of change in air pressure. 　　(7) The greatest concern is "economy class syndrome", the popular name for deep-vein thrombosis (血栓症) , which can lead to blood clots traveling from the legs to the lungs, heart or brain. To reduce this, you need a couple of hours to stay hydrated, and avoid alcohol. 　　(8) You can also reduce the severity of inflammation by taking a daily gram of vitamin C with the bioflavonoid quercetin. Vitamin C and quercetin also help to reduce prickly heat. 　　(9) Finally, if any adverse symptoms persist while overseas, you should see a doctor. 　　23. Paragraph 1 ___________ 　　24. Paragraph 4 ___________ 　　25. Paragraph 5 ___________ 　　26. Paragraph 6 ___________ 　　A. Basics of What to Eat and Drink 　　B. Medicine Against Bacteria and V'lruses 　　C. Importance of bacteria balance 　　D. Basics of Having a Pleasant Flight 　　E. A Teaspoonful of Helpful Silicol 　　F. Preparations Against Food Poisoning 　　27. Food-poisoning may pose a problem ___________ . 　　28. It is important to drink a lot of water ___________ . 　　29. Special earplugs can make you feel better ___________ . 　　30. Don't forget to bring necessary medicine ___________ . 　　A. when your plane is about to land 　　B. when you are taking tablets 　　C. when you suffer from food-poisoning 　　D. when you are travelling 　　E. when you are packing for your tour 　　F. when you are having a cold 　 　答案与解析： 　　23.B。文章第一段主要讲的是水对人体的重要性。人体约有60%——70%是由水组成的，体温的'调节离不开水，滋养物运行到各器官离不开水，排除废物等亦都离不开水。选项B(水的重要性)概括了本段的大意，为正确选项。 　　24.D。文章第二段主要讲脱水的征兆，其中包括关节与肌肉的慢性疼痛、腰痛、头痛、便秘、口渴等。选项D(脱水的征兆)概括了本段的大意，为正确选项。 　　25.A。文章第三段主要讲人体每天所需的基本饮水量以及一些特殊情况下所需的饮水量。选项A(每天需要的用水量)概括了本段的大意，故为正确选项。 　　26.F。文章第四段主要讲随身携带水瓶及时饮水的必要性。选项F概括了本段的大意，故为正确选项。 　　27.B。题干：人不能活__________。利用题干关键词live定位到文章的第一段“we cannot live without it”，意思为“我们没有它就活不了”，这里的“它”指的是水，所以B(没有 　　水)为正确选项。 　　28.A。脱水就会发生如果缺水__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到文章的第二段，可以得知人体缺水便可产生脱水现象，所以A(在体内)为正确选项。 　　29.F。身体每天需要的水量与__________有关。利用题干关键词water your body needs per day可以定位到文章第三段，该段指出，“一个比较好的做法就是用英镑来测量你的体重然后将其分成两半，这个数字就是你身体每天需要的水量，以盎司为单位”，由此可知人体每天需饮水量与人的体重有密切关系，所以F“体重”为正确选项。 　　30.E。不要忘了喝足够的水，甚至__________。利用题干关键词drink enough water可以定位到文章第四段“It may be difficult to drink enough water on a busy day,but make sure you have water handy at all times”，意为“可能在忙碌的时候保证喝足够的水是困难的，但是要确保手边总是有水”，由此可知E“忙的时候”为正确选项。

职称英语理工类阅读判断题

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职称英语理工类阅读判断题

　　Bill Gates: Unleashing YourCreativity 　　I’ve always been an optimist and I suppose it isrooted in1 my belief that the power of creativity and intelligencecan make the world a better place. 　　For as long as I can remember, I’ve loved learningnew things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the firsttime in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a clunky old teletype machine andit could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today.2But it changed my life. 　　When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft30 years ago，we had avision of “a computer on every desk and in every home”, which probably soundeda little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size ofrefrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the world.And they have. 　　And after 30 years, I’m still as inspired bycomputers as I was back in seventh grade. 　　I believe that computers are the most incredibletool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness — to help us solve problemsthat even the smartest people couldn’t solve on their own. 　　Computers have transformed how we learn，giving kids everywhere a windowinto all of the world’s knowledge. They’re helping us build communities aroundthe things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important tous, no matter where they are.3 　　Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularlylucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it “tap-dancing towork”4. My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but whatmakes me “tap-dancing to work” is when we show people something new, like acomputer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that canstore a lifetime’s worth of photos, and they say, “I didn’t know you could dothat with a PC5! ” 　　But for all the cool things that a person can dowith a PC，there arelots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work toimprove our world6. There are still far too many people in the worldwhose most basic needs go unmet7. Every year, for example, millionsof people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developedworld. 　　I believe that my own good fortune brings with ita responsibility to give back to the world. My wife, Melinda, and I havecommitted to8 improving health and education in a way that can helpas many people as possible. 　　As a father, I believe that the death of a childin Africa is no less poignant or tragic than9 the death of a childanywhere else, and that it doesn’t take much to make an immense difference inthese children’s lives10. 　　I’m still very much an optimist, and I believethat progress on even the world’s toughest problems is possible — and it’shappening every day. We’re seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostictools，and newattention paid to the health problems in the developing world. 　　I’m excited by the possibilities I see formedicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I believe thatthrough our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve toughproblems, we're going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas inmy lifetime. 　　 词汇： 　　unleash/ ʌnˈli:ʃ / vt.解开;放纵;使自由 　　inspire/ ɪnˈspaɪə(r) / vt.鼓舞 　　optimist/'Dptɪmɪst/ n.乐观主义者 　　incredible/ ɪn'kredəbl/ adj.难以置信的 　　clunky(clonky) /'klʌnkɪ/ adj.发出沉闷金属声的 　　curiosity/ˌkjuərɪ'Dsɪtɪ/ n.好奇心 　　inventivenessn.发明创造的能力 　　teletype/'telɪtaɪp/ (teletype-writer) n.电传打字机 　　poignant/ ˈpɔɪnjənt / adj.令人悲痛的，可怜的 　　tragic/'traed3ɪk/ adj.悲剧的，悲惨的 　　vision/'vɪ3n/ n.想象;幻想;美景 　　immense/I'mens/ adj.巨大的 　 　注释： 　　1.be rooted in：扎根于;深深地存在于 　　2.It was a clunky oldteletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers wehave today.那是一台笨重的旧式电传打字机，跟我们今天的电脑相比几乎干不了什么事。本句中，barely意为almost not;compare to在美国英语中也可以等同于compare with(与……相比)。 　　3.They’re helping us buildcommunities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people whoare important to us, no matter where they are.电脑帮助我们就我们所关心的事情建立一个交流的场所，并且与那些我们认为对我们有重要意义的人密切相处，不管他们身在何处。care about指不管喜欢或不喜欢的事情都很关心、介意、在乎、计较。 　　4.“tap-dancing to work”：“跳着踢踏舞工作”。tap原意是“叩击、轻敲”;tap dance是“踢踏舞”。这里实际意思是“(手指)轻轻敲击键盘的工作”。 　　5.PC (personal computer)：个人计算机 　　6.But for all the cool things that aperson can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creativityand intelligence to work to improve our world.除了我们能用计算机做的所有神奇的事情，还有很多其他方式发挥我们的创造力和智慧，从而使世界更加美好。 　　7.go unmet：得不到满足。在这里go是系动词，unmet是过去分词作表语。 　　8.commit to此处意为承诺，保证做某事。 　　9.no less... than：和 一样，不亚于…… 　　10. and that itdoesn’t take much to make an immense difference in these children’s lives.而且要改善这些孩子们的命运，其实不难。此处it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to make an immensedifference in these children’s lives。 　 　练习： 　　1.A computer was as big as an icebox when Bill Gates was a high schoolstudent. 　　A　Right　B　Wrong　C　Not mentioned 　　2.Bill Gates has been dreaming of the popularity of computers for hislifetime. 　　A　Right　B　Wrong　C　Not mentioned 　　3.Bill Gates compares his hard work on a PC to “tap-dancing to work”. 　　A　Right　B　Wrong　C　Not mentioned 　　4.To Bill Gates’ mind, there is a big difference between the death ofthe poor’s children and the death of the rich’s children. 　　A　Right　B　Wrong　C　Not mentioned 　　5.So far Bill Gates has contributed several dozen billion dollars tothe charities. 　　A　Right　B　Wrong　C　Not mentioned 　　6.Bill Gates and his wife consider it their duty to help the poorbetter their health and education as much as possible. 　　A　Right　B　Wrong　C　Not mentioned 　　7.Bill Gates will leave only a small portion of his wealth for hischildren. 　　A　Right　B　Wrong　C　Not mentioned 　 　答案与题解： 　　1.A　文章第三段中比尔•盖茨说，当他念七年级时，电脑就是冰箱那么大小。 　　2.A　文章第三段比尔•盖茨说，他30年前与Paul Allen一起创办微软公司时就梦想一桌一机、一户一机，而且从其他各段也可以看到他对电脑有很多的`期待。 　　3.B　从第七段第二句可以看到作这样比较的是他的朋友Warren Buffett，而不是他自己。 　　4.B　在倒数第三段，比尔•盖茨已经明确说，所有这些儿童的死亡都一样令人伤心和悲痛，没有什么区别。 　　5.C　文章没有提到他给慈善机构捐款的事。 　　6.A　倒数第四段比尔•盖茨认为他一生好运，就理应回报社会，所以他和他的妻子做出了承诺，要帮助尽可能多的人改善医疗和教育条件。 　　7.C　文章没有提到。

职称英语理工类阅读判断专项试题及答案(2)

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职称英语理工类阅读判断专项试题及答案(2)

　　练习： 　　1.The country says that the investment of US $14 million is big enough for developing that country’s chip industry. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　2.That country gives top priorities to developing chips for military purposes. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　3.Although the licensing fees are not very high, that Far Eastern country cannot afford to pay. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　4.Many western countries ban the exporting of the most advanced chip-making technologies to that country to prevent them from being used for military purposes. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　5.Currently, almost all the flagship chipmakers in that country are owned by American investors. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　6.Mainstream chip production technology develop rapidly. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　7.More than 10 chip plants being built in that country are an example of self-reliance. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　答案与题解： 　　1.B　本题给出的信息是错误的。最后一段说到，如果新建的芯片中心能在改善该国在芯片行业的被动形势中起重要作用，该国认为：“... the US $14 million investment is still rather small”。 　　2.C　文章没有提供这方面的信息。 　　3.B　文章提到专利费较高，此句说较低，与原意不符。 　　4.A　本题给出的信息是正确的。第二段有这样一句话：Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don’t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes.这就是选A的依据。 　　5.C　文章没有提供这方面的信息。 　　6.A　选A的依据是第三段第一句：... mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years ... 　　7.B　本题给出的信息是错误的。第四段第二句说明，这些芯片工厂的技术主要是从日本和新加坡进口的。 　　译文：微芯片研究中心成立 　　为了开发先进的微芯片生产技术，这个远东国家建立了一个研究中心，该中心启动资金为一千四百万美元，可以帮助该国开发自己的芯片工业，不必总是依赖于进口技术。 　　该中心将会应用自己的研究技术和设施，为本国芯片厂家开发新技术。这个国家名列首位的芯片制造公司说，芯片中心的成立可能使这个国家摆脱从他国购买即将淘汰的.技术的困境。由于许多外国政府担心先进技术会被用于军事目的，不允许这个国家的芯片生产厂家进口前沿技术，所以这些生产厂家处于一种被动局面。另外，由于这些芯片生产厂家必须向技术提供者支付高额的许可费，这也构成了他们决定要自力更生的一个重要原因。 　　由于主流芯片生产技术每隔 3～5年就要进行更新换代，所以掌握了新技术的厂家就可以以较低的成本制造出较好的芯片，而那些耗费数十亿美元建立起的厂家，如果设备落后，也将会被生产商所淘汰。 　　几个芯片厂正在建立之中，每个厂的造价都在几百万美元，其中大部分资金都流向了海外设备商和技术所有者——主要是日本和新加坡。 　　如果新建的芯片中心能在改变该国芯片行业的被动形势中起到重要作用，该国承认，一千四百万美元的投资仍是微不足道的。该国正在开发综合技术，大部分投资将用于与技术和知识产权所有者建立联盟。 　　Text three 　　The Biology of Music 　　Humans use music as a powerful way to communicate. It may also play an important role in love. But what is music, and how does it work its magic? Science does not yet have all the answers. 　　What are two things that make humans different from animals? One is language, and the other is music. It is true that some animals can sing (and many birds sing better than a lot of people). However, the songs of animals, such as birds and whales, are very limited. It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments. 1 　　Music is strange stuff. It is clearly different from language. However, people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions. When music is combined with speech in a song, it is a very powerful form of communication. But, biologically speaking, what is music? 　　If music is truly different from speech, then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain. The scientific evidence suggests that this is true. 　　Sometimes people who suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language. However, they don’t automatically lose their musical abilities. For example, Vissarion Shebalin, a Russian composer，had a stroke in 1953. It injured the left side of his brain. He could no longer speak or understand speech. He could, however, still compose music until his death ten years later. On the other hand，sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability, but they can still speak and understand speech. This shows that the brain processes music and language separately. 　　By studying the physical effects of music on the body，scientists have also learned a lot about how music influences the emotions. But why does music have such a strong effect on us? That is a harder question to answer. Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College, London, thinks that music and love have a strong connection. Music requires special talent, practice, and physical ability. That’s why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone’s mate. For example, singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control. You also need a good memory to remember the notes. And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition. Finally, when a man sings to the woman he loves (or vice versa)， it may be a way of showing off. 　　However, Miller’s theory still doesn’t explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply. For scientists，this is clearly an area that needs further research. 　　词汇： 　　automatically .自动地 　　note 音符 　　stroke 中风 　　注释： 　　1.It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments：人研制出了乐器，而动物则不能。Develop：研制，例如：Scientists are developing new drugs to treat cancer.科学家们正在研发新药用以治疗癌症。 　　练习： 　　1.Humans, but not animals, can sing. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　2.People can use music to communicate their emotions. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　3.We use the same part of the brain for music and language. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　4.Geoffery Miler has done research on music and emotions. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　5.It’s hard for humans to compose music. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　6.Memory is not an important part in singing in tune. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　7.Scientists does not know all the answers about the effects of music on humans. 　　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned 　　答案与题解： 　　1.B　第二段的第三句：It is true that some animals can sing (and many birds sing better than a lot of people).可以看出有些动物会唱歌，而不只人类会唱歌。 　　2.A　第三段的第三句：However, people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions.这句清楚表明，人们可以用音乐来表达情感。 　　3.B　第四段说明：科学证明人们用大脑的不同区域处理语言和音乐。在第五段，作者用Vissarion Shebalin的例子进一步说明人脑处理语言和音乐的位置不同，Shebalin中风以后不能讲话也听不懂别人的话，但他却能创作乐曲。 　　4.A　第六段的第四句：Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College，London，thinks that music and love have a strong connection.这句说明Miller对音乐和爱(情感)的关系进行了研究，他得出的结论是：音乐和爱有密切的关联。 　　5.C　文中没有提及创作乐曲是否困难。 　　6.B　第六段有一句：You also need a good memory to remember the notes.此句说明必须具备好的记忆力记音符才能唱得符合调子。 　　7.A　最后一段讲的是：科学家们需要做更多的研究才能解释为什么有些声音影响我们的情感会如此之深。也就是说，科学家不能全部解释音乐对人类的影响。 　　译文：音乐生物学 　　人们把音乐作为一种高效的交流方式，在爱情中它也可能会起到重要的作用。但是音乐是什么?它又是如何起到神奇的效果?科学界还没有给出答案。 　　哪两项事物使得人类不同于动物?一个是语言，另一个是音乐。当然一些动物会唱歌 (并且许多鸟唱得比很多人都好听) ，但是，动物的歌声是有限的，比如鸟类和鲸鱼。同样，是人类而不是动物开发出了乐器。 　　音乐是个奇怪的东西，它与语言有明显的不同。但是，人们能够用音乐去传达——尤其是情感。当音乐与歌曲中的语言结合在一起的时候，它就是一种强有力的表达方式。但是，从生物学来讲，音乐是什么? 　　如果音乐与语言真的不同，那么我们应该在大脑的不同区域内对音乐和语言进行加工处理，科学证据也证实了这一点。 　　有时，受过脑损伤的人会丧失他们处理语言的能力。但是，他们不会自动地丢失音乐才能。比如，维沙翁·舍巴林，一位苏联作曲家，在1953 年得了中风。他的大脑的左半边受到损害，他再也不能说话或是理解别人的话，但是他仍然能够谱曲，直到十年后他离开人世。另一方面，中风有时会使人们丧失音乐能力，但是他们仍然能够说话也能听懂别人的话。这就说明大脑是分别加了处理音乐和语言的。 　　通过研究音乐在人身体上的物理效应，科学家也了解到许多关于音乐是如何影响情感的。但是，为什么音乐对我们有如此强烈的影响?这是一个更难回答的问题。伦敦大学学院的研究员杰弗里·米勒认为音乐和爱有紧密的关，音乐需要特殊才能、练习和体能。这也许是一种方式让你展示你适合做某人的伴侣。比如，按调唱歌或者弹奏乐器需要有很好的肌肉控制力。你也需要有好的记忆力来记住音符。能正确地演奏或者唱出这些音符也证明你的听力也非常好。所以，当一个男人唱给他心爱的女人时(反之亦然) 音乐就可能成为一种展示的方式。 　　然而，米勒的理论仍然不能解释为什么声音的特定结合可以深深地影响我们的情感。对于科学家来说，这显然是一个需要深入研究的领域。